🧬Applications

Drug Discovery

ML for drug and molecule design

100 papers686 total citations
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Feb '24 β€” Jan '26236 papers
Also includes: drug discovery, molecule generation, molecular design, protein structure

Top Papers

#1

Learning Smooth and Expressive Interatomic Potentials for Physical Property Prediction

Xiang Fu, Brandon Wood, Luis Barroso-Luque et al.

ICML 2025
87
citations
#2

Towards 3D Molecule-Text Interpretation in Language Models

Sihang Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Yanchen Luo et al.

ICLR 2024
73
citations
#3

BioDiscoveryAgent: An AI Agent for Designing Genetic Perturbation Experiments

Yusuf Roohani, Andrew Lee, Qian Huang et al.

ICLR 2025
49
citations
#4

MOOSE-Chem: Large Language Models for Rediscovering Unseen Chemistry Scientific Hypotheses

Zonglin Yang, Wanhao Liu, Ben Gao et al.

ICLR 2025
45
citations
#5

Efficient Evolutionary Search Over Chemical Space with Large Language Models

Haorui Wang, Marta Skreta, Cher-Tian Ser et al.

ICLR 2025
34
citations
#6

PepTune: De Novo Generation of Therapeutic Peptides with Multi-Objective-Guided Discrete Diffusion

Sophia Tang, Yinuo Zhang, Pranam Chatterjee, PhD

ICML 2025arXiv:2412.17780
32
citations
#7

Learning to design protein-protein interactions with enhanced generalization

Anton Bushuiev, Roman Bushuiev, Petr Kouba et al.

ICLR 2024
25
citations
#8

A Multi-Modal Contrastive Diffusion Model for Therapeutic Peptide Generation

Yongkang Wang, Xuan Liu, Feng Huang et al.

AAAI 2024arXiv:2312.15665
therapeutic peptide generationmulti-modal fusioncontrastive learningdiffusion models+3
22
citations
#9

ClinicalLab: Aligning Agents for Multi-Departmental Clinical Diagnostics in the Real World

Weixiang Yan, Haitian Liu, Tengxiao Wu et al.

NeurIPS 2025
22
citations
#10

MOFDiff: Coarse-grained Diffusion for Metal-Organic Framework Design

Xiang Fu, Tian Xie, Andrew Rosen et al.

ICLR 2024
21
citations
#11

Towards Fast, Specialized Machine Learning Force Fields: Distilling Foundation Models via Energy Hessians

Ishan Amin, Sanjeev Raja, Aditi Krishnapriyan

ICLR 2025
21
citations
#12

Multimodal Large Language Models for Inverse Molecular Design with Retrosynthetic Planning

Gang Liu, Michael Sun, Wojciech Matusik et al.

ICLR 2025arXiv:2410.04223
multimodal large language modelsinverse molecular designretrosynthetic planninginterleaved text generation+4
19
citations
#13

Generating Novel Leads for Drug Discovery Using LLMs with Logical Feedback

Shreyas Bhat Brahmavar, Ashwin Srinivasan, Tirtharaj Dash et al.

AAAI 2024
18
citations
#14

SynFlowNet: Design of Diverse and Novel Molecules with Synthesis Constraints

Miruna Cretu, Charles Harris, Ilia Igashov et al.

ICLR 2025arXiv:2405.01155
generative modelscomputer-aided drug designsynthetic accessibilitychemical reaction space+4
18
citations
#15

CBGBench: Fill in the Blank of Protein-Molecule Complex Binding Graph

Haitao Lin, Guojiang Zhao, Odin Zhang et al.

ICLR 2025
16
citations
#16

Generative Flows on Synthetic Pathway for Drug Design

Seonghwan Seo, Minsu Kim, Tony Shen et al.

ICLR 2025
14
citations
#17

IgGM: A Generative Model for Functional Antibody and Nanobody Design

Rubo Wang, Fandi Wu, Xingyu Gao et al.

ICLR 2025
11
citations
#18

Fragment and Geometry Aware Tokenization of Molecules for Structure-Based Drug Design Using Language Models

Cong Fu, Xiner Li, Blake Olson et al.

ICLR 2025arXiv:2408.09730
structure-based drug designprotein-ligand interactionsfragment-based generationlanguage models+3
10
citations
#19

Learning Over Molecular Conformer Ensembles: Datasets and Benchmarks

Yanqiao Zhu, Jeehyun Hwang, Keir Adams et al.

ICLR 2024
10
citations
#20

MolParser: End-to-end Visual Recognition of Molecule Structures in the Wild

Xi Fang, Jiankun Wang, Xiaochen Cai et al.

ICCV 2025
10
citations
#21

Mol-LLaMA: Towards General Understanding of Molecules in Large Molecular Language Model

Dongki Kim, Wonbin Lee, Sung Ju Hwang

NeurIPS 2025
9
citations
#22

Beam Enumeration: Probabilistic Explainability For Sample Efficient Self-conditioned Molecular Design

Jeff Guo, Philippe Schwaller

ICLR 2024
8
citations
#23

Knowledge Enhanced Representation Learning for Drug Discovery

Thanh Lam Hoang, Marco Luca Sbodio, Marcos Martinez et al.

AAAI 2024
8
citations
#24

FlashMD: long-stride, universal prediction of molecular dynamics

Filippo Bigi, Sanggyu Chong, Agustinus Kristiadi et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2505.19350
molecular dynamics simulationhamiltonian dynamicsthermodynamic ensembleslong-stride prediction+3
7
citations
#25

ShEPhERD: Diffusing shape, electrostatics, and pharmacophores for bioisosteric drug design

Keir Adams, Kento Abeywardane, Jenna Fromer et al.

ICLR 2025
7
citations
#26

LLM-Augmented Chemical Synthesis and Design Decision Programs

Haorui Wang, Jeff Guo, Lingkai Kong et al.

ICML 2025
6
citations
#27

MOL-Mamba: Enhancing Molecular Representation with Structural & Electronic Insights

Jingjing Hu, Dan Guo, Zhan Si et al.

AAAI 2025
6
citations
#28

GlycanML: A Multi-Task and Multi-Structure Benchmark for Glycan Machine Learning

Minghao Xu, Yunteng Geng, Yihang Zhang et al.

ICLR 2025arXiv:2405.16206
glycan property predictionglycan function predictiongraph neural networksmulti-task learning+4
6
citations
#29

OSDA Agent: Leveraging Large Language Models for De Novo Design of Organic Structure Directing Agents

Zhaolin Hu, Yixiao Zhou, Zhongan Wang et al.

ICLR 2025
organic structure directing agentszeolite synthesismolecule generation modelslarge language models+2
6
citations
#30

Hierarchical Graph Tokenization for Molecule-Language Alignment

Yongqiang Chen, QUANMING YAO, Juzheng Zhang et al.

ICML 2025
6
citations
#31

Bi-level Contrastive Learning for Knowledge-Enhanced Molecule Representations

Pengcheng Jiang, Cao Xiao, Tianfan Fu et al.

AAAI 2025
6
citations
#32

EBMDock: Neural Probabilistic Protein-Protein Docking via a Differentiable Energy Model

Huaijin Wu, Wei Liu, Yatao Bian et al.

ICLR 2024
5
citations
#33

GDiffRetro: Retrosynthesis Prediction with Dual Graph Enhanced Molecular Representation and Diffusion Generation

Shengyin Sun, Wenhao Yu, Yuxiang Ren et al.

AAAI 2025
5
citations
#34

CFP-Gen: Combinatorial Functional Protein Generation via Diffusion Language Models

Junbo Yin, Chao Zha, Wenjia He et al.

ICML 2025
4
citations
#35

Foundation Molecular Grammar: Multi-Modal Foundation Models Induce Interpretable Molecular Graph Languages

Michael Sun, Weize Yuan, Gang Liu et al.

ICML 2025
4
citations
#36

ChemAgent: Self-updating Memories in Large Language Models Improves Chemical Reasoning

Xiangru Tang, Tianyu Hu, Muyang Ye et al.

ICLR 2025
4
citations
#37

MarkushGrapher: Joint Visual and Textual Recognition of Markush Structures

Lucas Morin, Valery Weber, Ahmed Nassar et al.

CVPR 2025arXiv:2503.16096
markush structure recognitionmulti-modal document analysisoptical chemical structure recognitionvision-text-layout encoding+4
4
citations
#38

JAMUN: Bridging Smoothed Molecular Dynamics and Score-Based Learning for Conformational Ensemble Generation

Ameya Daigavane, Bodhi Vani, Darcy Davidson et al.

NeurIPS 2025
4
citations
#39

Relation-Aware Equivariant Graph Networks for Epitope-Unknown Antibody Design and Specificity Optimization

Lirong Wu, Haitao Lin, Yufei Huang et al.

AAAI 2025
3
citations
#40

MAGNet: Motif-Agnostic Generation of Molecules from Scaffolds

Leon Hetzel, Johanna Sommer, Bastian Rieck et al.

ICLR 2025
molecule generationscaffold-based generationmotif-agnostic learningdrug discovery+2
2
citations
#41

REBIND: Enhancing Ground-state Molecular Conformation Prediction via Force-Based Graph Rewiring

Taewon Kim, Hyunjin Seo, Sungsoo Ahn et al.

ICLR 2025
molecular conformation predictiongraph neural networksinter-atomic forceslennard-jones potential+4
2
citations
#42

Towards Human-Understandable Multi-Dimensional Concept Discovery

Arne GrobrΓΌgge, Niklas KΓΌhl, Gerhard Satzger et al.

CVPR 2025arXiv:2503.18629
concept-based explainable aimulti-dimensional concept discoverysegment anything modelcnn latent space+4
2
citations
#43

DMol: A Highly Efficient and Chemical Motif-Preserving Molecule Generation Platform

Peizhi Niu, Yu-Hsiang Wang, Vishal Rana et al.

NeurIPS 2025
1
citations
#44

ModuLM: Enabling Modular and Multimodal Molecular Relational Learning with Large Language Models

Zhuo Chen, YIZHEN ZHENG, Huan Yee Koh et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2506.00880
molecular relational learninglarge language modelsmolecular graph encodersmolecular conformation encoders+4
1
citations
#45

Template-Guided 3D Molecular Pose Generation via Flow Matching and Differentiable Optimization

NoΓ©mie Bergues, Arthur CarrΓ©, Paul Join-Lambert et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2506.06305
molecular pose generationflow matchingdifferentiable optimizationligand conformation prediction+4
1
citations
#46

Atomic Diffusion Models for Small Molecule Structure Elucidation from NMR Spectra

Ziyu Xiong, Yichi Zhang, Foyez Alauddin et al.

NeurIPS 2025
1
citations
#47

RETRO SYNFLOW: Discrete Flow-Matching for Accurate and Diverse Single-Step Retrosynthesis

Robin Yadav, Qi Yan, Guy Wolf et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2506.04439
retrosynthesis planningdiscrete flow-matchingmarkov bridgereaction center identification+4
1
citations
#48

Multi-modal Contrastive Learning with Negative Sampling Calibration for Phenotypic Drug Discovery

Jiahua Rao, Hanjing Lin, Leyu Chen et al.

CVPR 2025
1
citations
#49

UniSim: A Unified Simulator for Time-Coarsened Dynamics of Biomolecules

Ziyang Yu, Wenbing Huang, Yang Liu

ICML 2025
1
citations
#50

InversionGNN: A Dual Path Network for Multi-Property Molecular Optimization

Yifan Niu, Ziqi Gao, Tingyang Xu et al.

ICLR 2025
1
citations
#51

Blend the Separated: Mixture of Synergistic Experts for Data-Scarcity Drug-Target Interaction Prediction

Xinlong Zhai, Chunchen Wang, Ruijia Wang et al.

AAAI 2025
1
citations
#52

Fast and Accurate Blind Flexible Docking

Zizhuo Zhang, Lijun Wu, Kaiyuan Gao et al.

ICLR 2025
1
citations
#53

Data Distillation for extrapolative protein design through exact preference optimization

Mostafa Karimi, Sharmi Banerjee, Tommi Jaakkola et al.

ICLR 2025
protein designextrapolative designpreference optimizationfitness gradient+4
1
citations
#54

Integrating Protein Dynamics into Structure-Based Drug Design via Full-Atom Stochastic Flows

Xiangxin Zhou, Yi Xiao, Haowei Lin et al.

ICLR 2025
1
citations
#55

DesignX: Human-Competitive Algorithm Designer for Black-Box Optimization

Hongshu Guo, Zeyuan Ma, Yining Ma et al.

NeurIPS 2025
1
citations
#56

Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning-Guided Diffusion Models for 3D De Novo Molecular Design

Lianghong Chen, Dongkyu Kim, Mike Domaratzki et al.

NeurIPS 2025
1
citations
#57

MACS: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Optimization of Crystal Structures

Elena Zamaraeva, Christopher Collins, George Darling et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2506.04195
multi-agent reinforcement learningcrystal structure optimizationgeometry optimizationcomputational chemistry+3
1
citations
#58

Preference Optimization for Molecule Synthesis with Conditional Residual Energy-based Models

Songtao Liu, Hanjun Dai, Yue Zhao et al.

ICML 2024
molecule synthesisretrosynthesis modelsenergy-based modelsdrug discovery+2
β€”
not collected
#59

3DMolFormer: A Dual-channel Framework for Structure-based Drug Discovery

Xiuyuan Hu, Guoqing Liu, Can Chen et al.

ICLR 2025
β€”
not collected
#60

Drug Discovery with Dynamic Goal-aware Fragments

Seul Lee, Seanie Lee, Kenji Kawaguchi et al.

ICML 2024
fragment-based drug discoverymolecular generative modelsgoal-aware fragment extractionfragment assembly+4
β€”
not collected
#61

Interaction-based Retrieval-augmented Diffusion Models for Protein-specific 3D Molecule Generation

Zhilin Huang, Ling Yang, Xiangxin Zhou et al.

ICML 2024
protein-ligand bindingdiffusion models3d molecule generationretrieval-augmented generation+3
β€”
not collected
#62

MolCRAFT: Structure-Based Drug Design in Continuous Parameter Space

Yanru Qu, Keyue Qiu, Yuxuan Song et al.

ICML 2024
structure-based drug designcontinuous parameter spacebinding affinityautoregressive methods+3
β€”
not collected
#63

Reframing Structure-Based Drug Design Model Evaluation via Metrics Correlated to Practical Needs

Bowen Gao, Haichuan Tan, Yanwen Huang et al.

ICLR 2025
β€”
not collected
#64

BounDr.E: Predicting Drug-likeness via Biomedical Knowledge Alignment and EM-like One-Class Boundary Optimization

Dongmin Bang, Inyoung Sung, Yinhua Piao et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#65

NExT-Mol: 3D Diffusion Meets 1D Language Modeling for 3D Molecule Generation

Zhiyuan Liu, Yanchen Luo, Han Huang et al.

ICLR 2025
β€”
not collected
#66

UniMoMo: Unified Generative Modeling of 3D Molecules for De Novo Binder Design

Xiangzhe Kong, Zishen Zhang, Ziting Zhang et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#67

CombiMOTS: Combinatorial Multi-Objective Tree Search for Dual-Target Molecule Generation

Thibaud Southiratn, Bonil Koo, Yijingxiu Lu et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#68

Latent Retrieval Augmented Generation of Cross-Domain Protein Binders

Zishen Zhang, Xiangzhe Kong, Wenbing Huang et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#69

A Dataset for Distilling Knowledge Priors from Literature for Therapeutic Design

Haydn Jones, Natalie Maus, Josh magnus Ludan et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#70

Empower Structure-Based Molecule Optimization with Gradient Guided Bayesian Flow Networks

Keyue Qiu, Yuxuan Song, Jie Yu et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#71

GenMol: A Drug Discovery Generalist with Discrete Diffusion

Seul Lee, Karsten Kreis, Srimukh Veccham et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#72

Piloting Structure-Based Drug Design via Modality-Specific Optimal Schedule

Keyue Qiu, Yuxuan Song, Zhehuan Fan et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#73

MF-LAL: Drug Compound Generation Using Multi-Fidelity Latent Space Active Learning

Peter Eckmann, Dongxia Wu, Germano Heinzelmann et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#74

NeuralPLexer3: Accurate Biomolecular Complex Structure Prediction with Flow Models

Jarren Zhuoran Qiao, Feizhi Ding, Thomas Dresselhaus et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#75

Offline Model-based Optimization for Real-World Molecular Discovery

Dong-Hee Shin, Young-Han Son, Hyun Jung Lee et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#76

3D Interaction Geometric Pre-training for Molecular Relational Learning

Namkyeong Lee, Yunhak Oh, Heewoong Noh et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#77

AANet: Virtual Screening under Structural Uncertainty via Alignment and Aggregation

Wenyu Zhu, Jianhui Wang, Bowen Gao et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2506.05768
virtual screeningdrug discoverycontrastive learningcross-attention adapter+4
β€”
not collected
#78

Enhancing Ligand Validity and Affinity in Structure-Based Drug Design with Multi-Reward Optimization

Seungbeom Lee, Munsun Jo, Jungseul Ok et al.

ICML 2025
β€”
not collected
#79

Training-free Multi-objective Diffusion Model for 3D Molecule Generation

XU HAN, Caihua Shan, Yifei Shen et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#80

Self-supervised Blending Structural Context of Visual Molecules for Robust Drug Interaction Prediction

Tengfei Ma, Kun Chen, Yongsheng Zang et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#81

DynaPhArM: Adaptive and Physics-Constrained Modeling for Target-Drug Complexes with Drug-Specific Adaptations

Diya Zhang, Mengwei Sun, Xingdan Wang et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#82

Searching for High-Value Molecules Using Reinforcement Learning and Transformers

Raj Ghugare, Santiago Miret, Adriana Hugessen et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#83

Scalable and Cost-Efficient de Novo Template-Based Molecular Generation

Piotr GaiΕ„ski, Oussama Boussif, Andrei Rekesh et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#84

Navigating the Design Space of Equivariant Diffusion-Based Generative Models for De Novo 3D Molecule Generation

Tuan Le, Julian Cremer, Frank Noe et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#85

Aligning Transformers with Continuous Feedback via Energy Rank Alignment

Shriram Chennakesavalu, Frank Hu, Sebastian Ibarraran et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#86

Protein-Ligand Interaction Prior for Binding-aware 3D Molecule Diffusion Models

Zhilin Huang, Ling Yang, Xiangxin Zhou et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#87

Reaction Prediction via Interaction Modeling of Symmetric Difference Shingle Sets

Runhan Shi, Letian Chen, Gufeng Yu et al.

NeurIPS 2025arXiv:2511.06356
chemical reaction predictionsymmetric difference encodinginteraction modelingpermutation-invariant representations+4
β€”
not collected
#88

Protein Design with Dynamic Protein Vocabulary

Nuowei Liu, Jiahao Kuang, Yanting Liu et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#89

DecompOpt: Controllable and Decomposed Diffusion Models for Structure-based Molecular Optimization

Xiangxin Zhou, Xiwei Cheng, Yuwei Yang et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#90

Omni-Mol: Multitask Molecular Model for Any-to-any Modalities

Chengxin Hu, Hao Li, Yihe Yuan et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#91

CL-MFAP: A Contrastive Learning-Based Multimodal Foundation Model for Molecular Property Prediction and Antibiotic Screening

Gen Zhou, Sugitha Janarthanan, Yutong Lu et al.

ICLR 2025
β€”
not collected
#92

ForceFM: Enhancing Protein-Ligand Predictions through Force-Guided Flow Matching

HUANLEI GUO, Song LIU, Bingyi Jing

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#93

Unlocking hidden biomolecular conformational landscapes in diffusion models at inference time

Daniel D. Richman, Jessica Karaguesian, Carl-Mikael Suomivuori et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#94

Flexible MOF Generation with Torsion-Aware Flow Matching

Nayoung Kim, Seongsu Kim, Sungsoo Ahn

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#95

Conversational Drug Editing Using Retrieval and Domain Feedback

Shengchao Liu, Jiongxiao Wang, Yijin Yang et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#96

Reinforced Active Learning for Large-Scale Virtual Screening with Learnable Policy Model

Yicong Chen, Jiahua Rao, Jiancong Xie et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#97

Bridging the Gap Between Cross-Domain Theory and Practical Application: A Case Study on Molecular Dissolution

Sihan Wang, Wenjie Du, Qing Zhu et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#98

KnowMol: Advancing Molecular Large Language Models with Multi-Level Chemical Knowledge

Zaifei Yang, Hong Chang, RuiBing Hou et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected
#99

Removing Biases from Molecular Representations via Information Maximization

Chenyu Wang, Sharut Gupta, Caroline Uhler et al.

ICLR 2024
β€”
not collected
#100

Fine-grained List-wise Alignment for Generative Medication Recommendation

Chenxiao Fan, Chongming Gao, Wentao Shi et al.

NeurIPS 2025
β€”
not collected